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The new season of the NFL starts. So that you are well prepared, you will find here the rules of American Football. Here’s the explanation to Interception, Facemask and Co.
It is one of the most popular sports in the USA and ends every year in the biggest spectacle in the world: American Football with its Super Bowl. But Sunday is not only blocked for US-Americans because of the NFL – more and more fans in Germany also follow the games of the Patriots, Seahawks and Co.
But to be honest: even if American football is easy to understand on the surface, there are tricky rules behind the sport that don’t immediately make sense. So that you are well prepared for the new season, we’ll explain the most important football rules to you here – you can also find out about the NFL’s match schedule under this link.
What’s Interception, Challenge and Co. all about? What is forbidden under penalty? And what are the new football rules? You can find out all this here:
NFL: The most important rules in American football
Behind all the rules in football is a basic idea: American football is about gaining space to score points. The teams have four times 15 minutes to do this. The pitch is 100 yards (about 91 meters) long and 53 yards (about 49 meters) wide. At both ends there are the so-called end zones, in each of which there is a tuning fork-shaped goal. Eleven players per team are on the pitch. Some attack (Offense), while others defend (Defense). The offense tries to get into the end zone – that gives points.
To get there, the attacking team tries to overcome 10 yards within four moves from the line of scrimmage (which indicates the point to which the offense has fought its way so far). If you succeed, you get a new “First Down” from the point you reached, that means four chances to crack the next ten yards. Of course, the Defense tries to prevent the new “First Down”. Important: If the offense has not managed to master the ten yards within three moves and the end zone is still too far away, it decides to “puncture” and the right to attack is changed. This means: the ball is shot as far as possible into the other half (“punt”), where it is received by the opponent. Exception: If the offense is already close to the end zone, it tries a “field goal”. For this the football must be kicked by the kicker through the rods of the “tuning fork”. If he manages that, the team gets three points. The field goal record is at a distance of 64 yards.
The defense has the possibility at any time to conquer the ball and thus the right of attack. For example, by intercepting a pass. You can see how interceptions can happen here.
But even if an attacker loses the ball that is already firmly in his hands or if it is knocked out of his hands by a defense player (fumble), he can be conquered by the opposing team. These situations are called “turnovers” – the possession of the ball changes immediately. Here are some examples of a fumble:
If the team in possession of the ball carries the ball into the end zone or catches a pass in it, it gives six points (touchdown). After each touchdown, the team receives an extra point attempt, in which it must kick the ball through the goalposts from a short distance (extra point – in the meantime the ball is no longer kicked from a distance of 10 yards, but from 15 yards). Optionally, they can try to carry or pass the ball from the one-yard line over the goal line again. This gives two points (two-point conversion). However, this is much more risky than an extra point and is therefore only done in special cases (for example, if you are eight points behind before the touchdown). This is how a two-point conversion can look like:
If a touchdown appears impossible, the attacking team tries (usually in the fourth attempt) to kick the ball through the goalposts. If they succeed, they score three points (Field Goal – see video above).
Football rules: Things to know about American Football
The time: The clock does not tick uninterruptedly like in football. It is stopped, for example, if a player runs out with the ball or if a pass is not caught (Incomplete Pass).
Time Outs: Each team has a time out per half (i.e. in two quarters).
Valid touchdown: A supposed touchdown is not always valid. For example, if a player is already standing in the end zone and jumps into the air to catch a pass, he has to land both legs back in it – the ball firmly under control. If, on the other hand, the ball is carried over the goal line, it is sufficient if it is partially “above” the end zone in the air. The football rules state that the player does not necessarily have to reach the goal line, but must have the ball safely in his hand.
The Challenge: If a coach finds a referee decision strange, he has the opportunity to “challenge” the decision twice per game – in other words, to have it checked. Then he throws a small red bag onto the pitch and the referees line up to clarify the disputed decision via video evidence. If the referees stick to their decision and do NOT agree with the coach, the team will be cancelled a time out. If the coach throws his red bag twice and he is both times right, the team gets a third challenge as a gift.
Overtime: If it is a draw after the end of the two half times, the team goes into overtime. This lasts 15 minutes. The coin toss decides which team starts. If the attacking team manages a touchdown, the game is over immediately. If “only” one field goal makes it, the other team is allowed to play again.
Referees: Since there are endless rules in American football and there is a lot going on on the pitch, there are seven referees on the pitch. On their belts they carry a yellow flag, which they throw on the grass in case of a foul.
“Dead” ball: If the quarterback throws the football forward and lands it on the ground (Incomplete Pass), the ball is dead and the move is over for everyone. It is different when the ball is thrown backwards. Then it can be passed on – but only to the back.
In general, a team consists of three different departments: The attacking team (offense), the defending team (defense) and the special team (responsible for kickoff, field goal etc.). Depending on the game situation, there is always only one department on the field.
Offense
Center (C): It is part of the offensive line (consisting of Center, Guards and Tackles) and positions itself in the front in the middle – directly in front of the quarterback. The center is in possession of the football at the beginning of each turn. After the quarterback announces his move, he throws it through his legs and back into his hands – this is the trigger for every move (“snap”).
Quarterback (QB): He determines the moves, directs his team. Each time he makes a move, the center throws the ball back through his legs. Then the quarterback hands the egg over to either a runningback, throws it to a wide receiver or tight end, or runs the ball himself.
Runningback (RB): The runningback – as the name says – is usually standing next to or behind the quarterback and fights his way through the defense with the ball. The ball is either handed over by the quarterback or passed over a short distance. Long passes are rarely caught by the runningback. A good runningback is nimble and agile.
Wide Receiver (WR): If the quarterback wants to play a long pass forward, the Wide Receivers are exactly the right ones. They position themselves at the outer ends of the line of scrimmage and then run a special route that the quarterback has announced beforehand. The goal of the pass receiver is to catch the (ideally long) pass and carry the ball into the end zone or catch it there (touchdown).
Tight End (TE): He is the all-round talent in the team and usually stands on the edge of the offensive line. He receives passes or takes care of blocking the defense.
Defense
The defense faces the offense and prevents it from winning. It tries to bring the quarterback to the ground before passing (sack), to prevent passes (Incomplete Pass) or to stop runningbacks. In the ideal case the defense provokes a turnover by its aggressive way of playing, thus intercepts a pass (Interception) or causes a ball loss (Fumble).
New football rules for the 2018/2019 season
A lot of people think American football is brutal and anything is allowed. In reality it looks different – because unsportsmanlike behavior is punished thanks to many rules in football. But there are no time penalties and even expulsions only occur in the case of severe fouls. Instead, they are usually punished with loss of space (between five and 15 yards). Here is a selection of the most common fouls – but first of all the most important innovations:
Targeting: A player goes ahead with a lowered helmet in his opponent? From the new season, it’s better not to go any further – because that can be punished with a 15-yard penalty or even a sending-off. Again and again there were serious injuries because of these actions. However, the new rule is not undisputed – and was even described by one player as “idiotic”, because “in a perfect hit the head leads the body”.
Flagrant Fouls: A player fouls an opponent in the worst way while the referee looks away? It’s better not to do that – because from this season on an official will be sitting in front of a screen to draw his referee colleague’s attention to the lousy action. And that could lead to a ban during the game.
Rules in American football: these fouls are punished
Holding: It is not allowed to hold or pull an opponent by the body, jersey or shoulder pad.
Tackling with the helmet (Helmet to Helmet): Who thunders purposefully with its helmet against the helmet of the opponent, is VERdonnert even too tidily space loss and possibly by the NFL afterwards with a sensitive penalty. Because the risk of injury is very high.
Grasping the helmet grid (Facemask): Also in the new football season it is forbidden to grasp the opponent at the grid of his helmet or even pull on it.
Unauthorized block (Chop Block): An attack from the front on the abdomen of the opponent is taboo.
Unsportsmanlike Conduct: Bad words to the referee or mocking gestures towards the opponent are not allowed.
Punishment will also be imposed
False start: This is often the case in the offense. Only when the center has “snatched” the ball to the quarterback may the players move forward.
Delay of Game: The offense has 40 seconds to start its move. If this time is exceeded, it will be penalized.
Intentional Grounding: If the quarterback is pressed in such a way that he throws the ball from the middle position behind his offensive line (the so-called pocket) in a direction where none of his players are standing, Intentional Grounding is not allowed.